讓我們來了解一下可降解塑料帶

來源：http://m.kaoshihui.cn/ 日期：2025-04-02

可降解塑料袋是一種在特定環(huán)境條件下能夠通過自然過程分解為無害物質(zhì)的塑料袋。以下是關(guān)于它的詳細(xì)介紹：

Degradable plastic bags are a type of plastic bag that can decompose into harmless substances through natural processes under specific environmental conditions. Here is a detailed introduction about it:

材質(zhì)與原理

Materials and Principles

生物降解材料：常見的有聚乳酸（PLA）、聚己二酸對(duì)苯二甲酸丁二酯（PBAT）、淀粉基塑料等。聚乳酸是由可再生的植物資源（如玉米、甘蔗等）中提取的淀粉原料經(jīng)發(fā)酵、聚合而成，在微生物的作用下，可分解為二氧化碳和水。PBAT 則是一種半結(jié)晶型熱塑性聚酯，具有良好的生物降解性和加工性能，能在土壤、堆肥等環(huán)境中逐漸被微生物分解。淀粉基塑料是將淀粉與其他聚合物共混制成，淀粉部分可被微生物分解，從而使塑料袋整體逐漸崩解。

Biodegradable materials: Common ones include polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), starch based plastics, etc. Polylactic acid is produced by fermenting and polymerizing starch raw materials extracted from renewable plant resources such as corn and sugarcane. Under the action of microorganisms, it can be decomposed into carbon dioxide and water. PBAT is a semi crystalline thermoplastic polyester with good biodegradability and processability, which can gradually be decomposed by microorganisms in soil, compost and other environments. Starch based plastics are made by blending starch with other polymers, and the starch portion can be decomposed by microorganisms, gradually causing the plastic bag to disintegrate as a whole.

光降解材料：在塑料中添加光敏劑，如二苯甲酮等。在陽光照射下，光敏劑吸收光能引發(fā)塑料分子鏈的斷裂，從而使塑料袋逐漸分解。但光降解塑料袋的降解效果受光照條件影響大，在光照不足的環(huán)境中降解速度較慢。

Photodegradable materials: adding photosensitizers such as benzophenone to plastics. Under sunlight, the photosensitizer absorbs light energy and triggers the breakage of plastic molecular chains, gradually causing the plastic bag to decompose. However, the degradation effect of photo degradable plastic bags is greatly affected by light conditions, and the degradation rate is slower in environments with insufficient light.

氧化降解材料：通過在塑料中加入氧化促進(jìn)劑，使塑料袋在空氣中氧氣的作用下發(fā)生氧化反應(yīng)，進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)降解。不過，單純的氧化降解塑料袋可能無法完全降解為無害的小分子物質(zhì)，可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生一些中間產(chǎn)物。

Oxidative degradation material: By adding an oxidation promoter to plastic, the plastic bag undergoes an oxidation reaction under the action of oxygen in the air, thereby achieving degradation. However, simple oxidative degradation of plastic bags may not completely degrade into harmless small molecule substances and may produce some intermediate products.

優(yōu)點(diǎn)

advantage

環(huán)境友好：可降解塑料袋能在自然環(huán)境中分解，減少了傳統(tǒng)塑料袋對(duì)環(huán)境的長(zhǎng)期污染，有助于保護(hù)土壤、水源和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，降低對(duì)野生動(dòng)物的危害。

Environmentally friendly: Biodegradable plastic bags can decompose in the natural environment, reducing the long-term pollution of traditional plastic bags to the environment, helping to protect soil, water sources, and ecosystems, and reducing harm to wildlife.

資源可持續(xù)利用：部分可降解塑料袋的原料來源于可再生資源，如植物淀粉等，這在一定程度上緩解了對(duì)石油等資源的依賴，有利于資源的可持續(xù)利用。

Sustainable use of resources: Some biodegradable plastic bags are made from renewable resources such as plant starch, which to some extent alleviates the dependence on non renewable resources such as oil and is conducive to the sustainable use of resources.

缺點(diǎn)

disadvantage

成本較高：生產(chǎn)可降解塑料袋的原料和工藝相對(duì)復(fù)雜，導(dǎo)致其成本普遍高于傳統(tǒng)塑料袋，這可能會(huì)增加消費(fèi)者的使用成本，影響其大規(guī)模推廣應(yīng)用。

High cost: The raw materials and processes for producing biodegradable plastic bags are relatively complex, resulting in generally higher costs than traditional plastic bags, which may increase consumer usage costs and affect their large-scale promotion and application.

降解條件限制：不同類型的可降解塑料袋需要特定的降解條件，如溫度、濕度、微生物環(huán)境等。例如，一些生物降解塑料袋需要在堆肥環(huán)境中才能快速降解，在普通自然環(huán)境中降解速度可能較慢。如果處理不當(dāng)，可能無法達(dá)到預(yù)期的降解效果。

Degradation condition limitations: Different types of biodegradable plastic bags require specific degradation conditions, such as temperature, humidity, microbial environment, etc. For example, some biodegradable plastic bags require composting environments to degrade quickly, while the degradation rate may be slower in ordinary natural environments. If not handled properly, the expected degradation effect may not be achieved.

性能有待提高：部分可降解塑料袋的物理性能，如強(qiáng)度、韌性、耐熱性等，可能不如傳統(tǒng)塑料袋，在實(shí)際使用過程中可能容易出現(xiàn)破裂、變形等問題，影響其使用效果。

Performance needs to be improved: The physical properties of some biodegradable plastic bags, such as strength, toughness, heat resistance, etc., may not be as good as traditional plastic bags, and may be prone to problems such as cracking and deformation during actual use, affecting their effectiveness.

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